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These are prevalence data from the Pacific island country of Western Samoa at two different times, in 1978 and 1991. The prevalence of diabetes increased markedly over a 13-year period. This is true in both the rural and urban populations. The prevalence rate is lower among the rural inhabitants than the urban ones, a finding reported in many other populations. The results demonstrate: 1)A rapid change in diabetes prevalence that can only be attributed to a changing environment, and 2) Differences in the prevalence in the same ethnic group (Polynesians) living in a different environment i.e. rural vs. urban.