Two complementary strategies that are usually advocated for primary prevention are the “population approach” and “high-risk approach.” In the former, community wide interventions seek to modify behaviors and thereby influence the distribution of risk factors in the population. Even modest changes in risk factors are expected to contribute to a substantial reduction in the cumulative population risk of CVD because of the large number of people affected. The high risk strategy, on the other hand, seeks to identify the few individuals who are at high risk, either because of marked elevation of single or multiple risk factors; targeted behavioral or pharmacological interventions follow. The population strategy aims to reduce the burden of disease in the whole community while conferring small benefits to each individual. The high-risk strategy, on the other hand, provides large benefits to the few individuals who are most vulnerable but the benefits to the whole community may be relatively limited because the beneficiaries are few.