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Herpes may be spread when HSV is present on a skin surface or mucous membrane. This “viral shedding” may occur for years. Herpes lesions may be an indicator that shedding is occurring. However, this may also occur when less obvious lesions or symptoms such as itching or tingling are present.

Shedding may also occur without symptoms (asymptomatic shedding).

Prophylactic administration of acyclovir and two congeners has been shown to reduce the shedding of the virus, hasten healing time, and reduce recurrence in adults with HSV. Strains, resistant to acyclovir, have been reported.