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不同的心血管疾病的结局以及各种研究方法都提供了有效证据证明愤怒与冠心病的关系。不可否认，最据说服力的就是studies that
capture so-called
揾ard?CVD endpoints？？？尤其是那些经过客观衡量，加以客观的限制条件，并且由客观标准所验证的研究方法
前瞻性研究，意即追踪观察最初并无心血管疾病的人群的心血管疾病的发病率，提供了最具权威的流行病学证据。
Johnson and colleagues:特征性愤怒与体内LDL/HDL比率和甘油三脂水平成正相关
Durel and colleagues:
特征性愤怒与血压和心血管反应性成正相关
愤怒与冠心病关系的横断面研究相关文献Johnson EH, Collier P,
Nazzaro P, Gilbert DC. Psychological and physiological predictors of
lipids in black males. J Behav Med. 1992;15:285-298.
Durel LA, Carver
CS, Spitzer SB, Llabre MM, Weintraub JK, Saab PG, Schneiderman N.
Associations of
blood pressure with
self-report measures of anger and hostility among black and white
men and women. Health Psychol. 1989;8:557-575.
愤怒与冠心病关系的前瞻性研究相关文献Markovitz JH, Matthews KA,
Wing RR, Kuller LH. Meilahn EN. Psychological, biological and health
behavior predictors of blood pressure changes in middle-aged women.
J Hypertens. 1991;9:399-406.
Haynes SG,
Feinleib M, Kannel WB. The relationship of psychosocial factors to
coronary heart disease in
the Framingham study, III:
8-year incidence of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol.
1980;11:37-58.
Kawachi I,
Sparrow D, Spiro A III, Vokonas P, Weiss ST. A prospective study of
anger and coronary
heart disease: the
Normative Aging Study. Circulation. 1996;94:2090-2095.
愤怒与冠心病关系的实验室与临床研究相关文献Verrier RL, Hagestad EL,
Lown B. Delayed myocardial ischemia induced by anger. Circulation.
1987;75:249-254.
Ironson G,
Taylor CB, Boltwood M, Bartzokis T, Dennis C, Chesney M, Spitzer S,
Segall GM. Effects of
anger on left ventricular
ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol.
1992;70:281-285.
Boltwood MD,
Taylor CB, Burke MB, Grogin H, Giacomini J. Anger report predicts
coronary artery
vasomotor response to
mental stress in atherosclerotic segments. Am J Cardiol.
1993;72:249-254.
Gabbay RH,
Krantz DS, Kop WJ, Hedges SM, Klein J, Gottdiener JS, Rozanski A.
Triggers of
myocardial ischemia during
daily life in patients with coronary artery disease: physical and
mental activities, anger and smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol.
1996;27:585-592
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