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El-Beltagy, Adel Egypt         Prof. Dr. Adel El-Beltagy, is currently the chair of the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) (2006-present). Chairman of the International Dryland Development Commission (IDDC) (2003-present); Director General of the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) (1995-2006). Director/Board Chairman of Agricultural Research Center, Egypt (1991-1995). First Under-Secretary of State for Land Reclamation, Egypt (1986-1991). Fellow of the University of Wales; Foreign Member of the Russian academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow; Academician (Foreign Member) of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Honorable Academician of Kyrgyz Agrarian Academy; Academic Status of Honorable Professor of the Scientific Council of Azerbaijan Agricultural Academy; Awarded Al-Istiklal Medal by His Majesty King Adbdullah II bin Hussein of Jordan; Board Member of Bibliotheca Alexandrina (2006-present); Fellow of Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) . Author/co-author of more than 140 scientific publications. Abstract The Perils of Science and Technology Policy: Lessons Learned The past decade witness an exponential growth of scientific discoveries and innovations. Some of the major science and technology contributors have faded into insignificance whiles other are thriving and growing. The presentation aims at exploring there reasons and of failures and enabling for success. A contrast will be presented between the case European Union and the countries of the ex-Soviet Union (Central Asia and the Caucuses). Understanding such key successes/failure factors may help in projecting a new dawn for science and technology in the Arab world.