Readings (Lecture 8: Human Exposure Assessment II)

Cal/EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency), 1997. CalTOXO , A Multimedia Total Exposure Model for Hazardous Waste Sites (Version 2.3). Office of Scientific Affairs, Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. (http://www.ntis.gov/fcpc/cpn6462.htm)

Copeland TL, Holbrow AM, Otani JM, Connor KT, Paustenbach DJ, 1994. Use of Probabilistic Methods to Understand Conservatism in California's Approach to Assessing Health Risks Posed by Air Contaminants. J Air Waste 44:1399-1413.

Dang WT, 1996. The Swimmer Exposure Assessment Model (SWIMODEL) and Its Use in Estimating Risks of Chemical Use in Swimming Pools (Internal Guidance Document). Occupational and Residential Branch, Health Effects Division, U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

Dong MH, Ross JH, in press. Coping with Aggregate Pesticide Exposure Assessment: An Integration Approach. In Hayes’ Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (RI Krieger, Ed.), Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Dong MH, Ross JH, Schneider F, Hernandez BZ, Haskell D, Thongsinthusak T, Sanborn JR, 1994a. A Probabilistic Approach to Estimating Exposure Potential for Children Playing on Diazinon-Treated Residential Soil. HS-1690. Worker Health and Safety Branch, Cal/EPA Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.

Dong MH, Haskell D, Ross JH, Schneider F, Hernandez BZ, Benson C, 1994b. Preliminary Human Pesticide Exposure Assessment - Diazinon (For Use on Residential Turf and Soil). HS-1694. Worker Health and Safety Branch, Cal/EPA Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.

ECVAM (European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods), 1996. Methods for Assessing Percutaneous Absorption (The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop). ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals) 24:81-106.

EUROPOEM (The European Predictive Operator Exposure Model Database Project), 1996. Developed by The EUROPOEM Expert Working Group under Funding from the European Commission. (http://www.enduser.co.uk/europoem/contacts.html)

Federal Register, 2000. FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel; Notice of Public Meeting (issued by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, dated September 5). 65:53718-53719.

Finley B, Paustenbach D, 1994. The Benefits of Probabilistic Exposure Assessment: Three Case Studies Involving Contaminated Air, Water, and Soil. Risk Analysis 14:53-73.

Hamey PY, Leighton T, Lunchik C, in press. Models of Occupational Exposure (POEM, PHED). In Hayes’ Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (RI Krieger, Ed.), Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Higley KA, Strenge DL, 1993. Use of a Monte Carlo Modeling Approach for Evaluating Risk and Environmental Compliance. In Effective and Safe Waste Management: Interfacing Sciences and Engineering with Monitoring and Risk Analysis (RL Jolley and RGM Wang, Eds.), pp. 337-347. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.

OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment), 1996. Public Review Draft: Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines Part IV - Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis. Cal/EPA OEHHA, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.

PHED (Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database, Version 1.1), 1995. Prepared for Health Canada, U.S. EPA, and American Crop Protection Association by Versar Inc. (6850 Versar Center, P.O. Box 1549, Springfield, VA 22151).

Ross JH, Fong HR, Thongsinthusak T, Krieger RI, 1992. Experimental Method to Estimate Indoor Pesticide Exposure to Children. In Similarities and Differences Between Children and Adults: Implications for Risk Assessment (PS Guzelian, CJ Henry, SS Olin, Eds.), pp.226-241. ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) Press, Washington, D.C.

Ross JH, Dong MH, Krieger RI, 2000. Conservatism in Pesticide Exposure Assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 31:53-58.

Thompson KM, Burmaster DE, Crouch EAC, 1992. Monte Carlo Techniques for Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis in Public Health Risk Assessments. Risk Analysis 12:53-63.

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), 1983. National Food Consumption Survey 1977-1978. Consumer Nutrition Division, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I – Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A), Interim Report. EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. [See also companion documents: (a) Volume II – Environmental Evaluation Manual (EPA/540/1-89/001); and (b) Ecological Assessment of Hazardous Waste Sites – A Field and Laboratory Reference (EPA/600/3-89/013).]

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1992. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications – Interim Report. EPA/600/8-91/011B. Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1994. Screening-Level Consumer Inhalation Exposure Software (SCIES). Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1997a. Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/P-95/002. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1997b. Guiding Principles for Monte Carlo Analysis. EPA/630/R-97/001. U.S. EPA Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1997c. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (draft). Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1998a. Health Effects Test Guidelines: OPPTS 870.7600 – Dermal Penetration. EPA 712-C-98-350. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1998b. Guidance for Submission of Probabilistic Human Health Exposure Assessments to the Office of Pesticide Programs. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1999a. Exposure Data Requirements for Assessing Risks from Pesticide Exposure of Children (draft). Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1999b. Estimating the Drinking Water Component of a Dietary Exposure Assessment (draft). Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2000a. Agricultural Transfer Coefficients. Policy No. 003.1 (dated August 7). Science Advisory Council for Exposure, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2000b. Available Information on Assessing Exposure from Pesticides in Food – A User’s Guide. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2000c. Support Center for Regulatory Air Models (SCRAM), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C. (http://www.epa.gov/scram001/)

Whitmyre GK, Driver JH, Ginevan ME, Tardiff RG, Baker SR, 1992. Human Exposure Assessment I: Understanding the Uncertainties. Toxicol Industrial Health 8:297-320.

Wolfe HR, 1976. Field Exposure to Airborne Pesticides. In Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes (RE Lee, Ed.), pp. 137-161. CRC Press, Boca Ration, FL.

World Health Organization (WHO), 1983. Guidelines on Studies in Environmental Epidemiology (Environmental Health Criteria 27). WHO Geneva.