Suffix pronouns
Ancient Egyptian language has four distinct types of personal pronouns:
1) Suffix pronouns
2) Dependent pronouns
3) Independent pronouns
4) Compound pronouns
1) Suffix pronouns
They are suffix pronouns because they follow, and are affixed to preceding words.
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First Person Masculine Singular
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I, me, my
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.i
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π, π,π
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First Person Feminine Singular
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I, me, my
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.i
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π
|
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Second Person Masculine Singular
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you, you , your
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.k
|
π‘
|
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Second Person Feminine Singular
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you, you, your
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.t, .T
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πΏ,π
|
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Third Person Masculine Singular
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he, hi, his, it
|
.f
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π
|
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Third Person Feminine Singular
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she, her, it
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.s
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π, π΄
|
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First Person Plural
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we, us, our
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.n
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ππ°π₯
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Second Person Plural
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you, you, your
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.tn, .Tn
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ππ°ππ°π₯, πΏπ°π, ππ°ππΏπ°ππ°π₯
|
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Third Person Plural
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they, them, their
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.sn
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ππ°ππ°π₯, π΄ππ°π₯,ππ°π,π΄π
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Notes:
In the transliteration, a “.” or “=” is placed before suffix pronouns to differentiate it from other pronouns and articles, and to show that it is related to the preceding word.
The adjectiveπππ°πiry is sometimes used as an unchangeable substitute for the suffixes of the third person singular or plural.
The impersonal pronoun ππ
± tw is used to imply someone as in: Dd.tw ‘One says’.
The variant writings of the singular and plural second feminine indicates the interchange between t and T.
Different writings of first person singular suffix are known. The first person suffix pronoun was often omitted.
Dual forms of the suffix pronoun are known but rarely used. Plural forms are used instead.
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First person dual
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.ny
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ππ°π
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Second person dual
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.Tny
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πΏπ°ππ°π
|
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Third person Dual
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.sny
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π΄ππ°π
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Uses of suffix pronoun:
a) As a subject in verbal phrases
ππ°ππ»ππ
ππ°ππ±π€
pr.i m niwt
I come out of the city.
b) Subject of non-verbal phrase preceded byππ
±iw.
ππ
±ππ
ππ°π€
iw.f m pr
He is in the house.
c) Dative (indirect object)
ππ°π
n.f
To him.
d) Genitive after nouns
ππ°π€π
pr. f
His house.
e) After prepositions
πππ°ππ‘
Hna.k
With you.
f) Object of Infinitive
The term object here is used in its semantic sense. The object of the infinitive is represented by the direct genitive, as in case of pronouns by the suffixes.
ππ
±ππ·πΉπ°ππ
iw.f Hr irt.f
He is doing it.‘(lit.) He is upon doing it’.
g) Used with the wordππ΄Ds to express emphatic use of reflexive pronouns.
I) After nouns
ππ°ππ³πππ΄π
ra Ds.f
Ra himself.
II) After pronouns
ππ°ππππ΄π
rn.i Ds.i
My own name.